Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes Among HIV Positive Patients at Parirenyatwa Hospital Family Care Center in Zimbabwe (2016)

Undergraduates: Tafadzwa Matika, Victor Zhong Chris Shay, PhD

Faculty Advisor: Elizabeth Mayer-Davis
Department: Nutrition

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The aim of this study was to estimate Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes prevalence and to describe T2D and prediabetes risk factors among HIV positive (HIV+) patients receiving care at Parirenyatwa Hospital Family Care Center in Zimbabwe. Adult HIV+ patients attending visits for routine CD4 count testing between July-August 2015 were enrolled (n=247). Nearly all the participants (95.5%) were on Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) with 18.4% having been on a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen in the 6 months prior to enrollment. T2D was defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ¿¿¿ 6.5% or prior clinical records indicating T2D diagnosis while prediabetes was defined by HbA1c from 5.7 - 6.4%. Information on sex, age, BMI, ART medication history, CD4 count and full blood count reports was collected. Among the 247 HIV+ participants, 17 (6.9%) had T2D and 111 (44.9%) had prediabetes. Stratifications by anemia status, PI use in the last 6 months, hemoglobin and CD4 count yielded prediabetes proportions that were similar to the observed prediabetes prevalence of 44.9%. In fully adjusted models, obesity was positively associated with prediabetes (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.20- 5.51) and T2D (OR 11.40, 95% CI 2.04-63.82). Overweight (OR 9.36, 95% CI 1.91- 45.87) and older age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05-1.19) were also associated with T2D but not prediabetes. These data indicate that HIV+ patients at Parirenyatwa Hospital are experiencing a compounding burden of T2D and call for more research on the topic.